Oranges, tangerines, and lemons: are the fruits richest in vitamin C, among the most important antioxidants and nutraceuticals. Useful for health and immune defenses, they protect the body from colds and are a valuable aid in keeping the skin elastic and young.
The Orange (Citrus x sinensis) belongs to the Citrus genus and the rutaceae family. An ancient hybrid (cultivated for centuries as its own species), probably originating from Indochina, it is an evergreen plant, up to 10 meters tall, with sturdy leaves, white and fragrant flowers. It is cultivated in many areas of the Mediterranean (especially in Sicily, Italy).
The orange (the fruit of the orange tree) is externally covered by a peel (pericarp), which is initially green and then, maturing, becomes yellow, orange, or red (e.g., Sicilian blood orange IGP). The inside (endocarp) is pulpy and divided into segments full of juice containing citric acid, sugars, vitamins (especially C), calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, and selenium. Citric acid plays an important role in the human body, lowering pH, reducing urine acidity, and preventing the formation of kidney stones.
But the health benefits that oranges provide us are many. Very rich in vitamin C, they aid iron absorption and thus red blood cell formation, boost immune defenses against viruses and bacteria, and have an anti-stress effect. They hinder the onset of tumors thanks to the strong antioxidant action of bioflavonoids and terpenes against free radicals.
Flavonoids contain beta-carotene and other carotenoids including anthocyanins (substances that give the red color), which have a beneficial effect against capillary fragility and all inflammatory states. Terpenes have the merit of reducing colon, rectal, and breast tumors when eaten as part of a fruit and vegetable-rich diet.
Among terpenes, the most important is limonene, also found in the peel of lemons and grapefruits, acting against breast cancer by countering estrogen effects. A study conducted by Dr. Adriana Albini (head of oncology research at the Scientific and Technological Pole IRCCS MultiMedica in Milan) discovered that a synthetic derivative of oleanic terpenes, called CDDO-Me, is a powerful antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory compound.
Data related to this study will be published in “Molecular Cancer Therapeutics”, showing that the compound was effective in vitro and in vivo, on mice without toxic effects, so much so that Michael Sporn, an American expert in chemo prevention at Dartmouth Medical School, is promoting clinical studies in the USA for various neoplasms.
The white fiber under the peel (rich in flavonoids) regulates absorption of sugars and fats, preventing diabetes and arteriosclerosis; it also favors intestinal transit.
The orange also offers easy solutions to small emergencies such as gingivitis (gargling with the juice). The peel infusion has aperitive and digestive properties.
Those who consume many citrus fruits are less exposed to the risk of tumors, especially stomach and esophagus cancers. This is thanks to their high content of polyphenols and terpenes, which can block the growth of tumor cells. They are rich in pectin, a substance that helps keep bad cholesterol low. They also have a strengthening effect on venous capillaries and cell walls, promoting circulation. The lemon is also known for its astringent properties and is excellent in cases of diarrhea and for relieving related pain.
